Arukh HaShulchan, Orach Chaim 254:16-255:2

Sugya Map

• Issue: The intersection of issurei Shabbat, specifically hotza'ah (carrying between reshuyot) and muktzah, focusing on the nature of chiyuv when both are transgressed, and the application of psik reisha to muktzah.
• Nafka Mina(s): Determining chiyuv (e.g., korban chatat) when multiple issurim occur simultaneously; the scope of muktzah liability for indirect actions.
• Primary Sources: Arukh HaShulchan, Orach Chaim 254:18-255:2; Rema, Orach Chaim 308:3; Magen Avraham, Orach Chaim 308:3, sk 11.

Text Snapshot

"ואם הוציאו דבר המוקצה בשבת, חייב משום הוצאה... אבל גם חייב משום מוקצה, דהא מוקצה הוא לאו שאינו מתחייב בלאו אחר." (Arukh HaShulchan, Orach Chaim 254:18)

• Dikduk/Leshon Nuance: The phrase "לאו שאינו מתחייב בלאו אחר" (a prohibition for which one is not exempted from chiyuv by another prohibition) is pivotal. It means muktzah generates its own independent chiyuv, even when the same action also violates another lav, like hotza'ah, rather than being subsumed.

Readings

• Rema, Orach Chaim 308:3: Cited by the Arukh HaShulchan (254:19), Rema establishes that psik reisha applies to muktzah. If one intends to carry a non-muktzah item, and a muktzah item will necessarily be carried along, one incurs chiyuv for the muktzah.
• Magen Avraham, Orach Chaim 308:3, sk 11: Further clarifies the psik reisha principle for muktzah, emphasizing that the inevitability of the muktzah being moved, even without direct intent for it, suffices for chiyuv.

Friction

• Kushya: Why is muktzah considered a "לאו שאינו מתחייב בלאו אחר" in conjunction with hotza'ah? One might argue that the issur of hotza'ah (a melakha d'Oraita) should subsume the issur of muktzah (which is d'Rabbanan and generally entails a lesser chiyuv).
• Terutz: The Arukh HaShulchan, following earlier sources, views muktzah as a distinct issur related to the object's designation for Shabbat use, independent of the melakha performed. Hotza'ah concerns the act of moving between reshuyot. As distinct categories of transgression (one pertaining to object status, the other to action), they generate separate chiyuvim.

Intertext

• Bava Kama 32b: Discusses cases of chayav shtei chiyuvin (liable for two liabilities), where a single action transgresses two distinct prohibitions due to different aspects or consequences, providing a broader halachic framework for the Arukh HaShulchan's ruling.

Psak/Practice

The Arukh HaShulchan's ruling (254:18-19) dictates a stringent approach to muktzah. One cannot rely on the simultaneous transgression of another melacha to negate the chiyuv for muktzah. Moreover, the psik reisha principle expands muktzah liability to scenarios where a muktzah item is an inevitable, though unintended, consequence of an intended action. Thus, one must meticulously avoid situations where muktzah items might be inadvertently moved, even as a side effect.

Takeaway

Muktzah is an independent and robust issur that generates its own chiyuv, even alongside other melachot, and its scope is significantly broadened by the principle of psik reisha.